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Gas- and dust evolution in protoplanetary disks

机译:原行星盘中的气体和尘埃演变

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摘要

Context. Current models of the size- and radial evolution of dust inprotoplanetary disks generally oversimplify either the radial evolution of thedisk (by focussing at one single radius or by using steady state disk models)or they assume particle growth to proceed monodispersely or withoutfragmentation. Further studies of protoplanetary disks - such as observations,disk chemistry and structure calculations or planet population synthesis models- depend on the distribution of dust as a function of grain size and radialposition in the disk. Aims. We attempt to improve upon current models to be able to investigate howthe initial conditions, the build-up phase, and the evolution of theprotoplanetary disk influence growth and transport of dust. Methods. We introduce a new version of the model of Brauer et al. (2008) inwhich we now include the time-dependent viscous evolution of the gas disk, andin which more advanced input physics and numerical integration methods areimplemented. Results. We show that grain properties, the gas pressure gradient, and theamount of turbulence are much more influencing the evolution of dust than theinitial conditions or the build-up phase of the protoplanetary disk. Wequantify which conditions or environments are favorable for growth beyond themeter size barrier. High gas surface densities or zonal flows may help toovercome the problem of radial drift, however already a small amount ofturbulence poses a much stronger obstacle for grain growth.
机译:上下文。当前的尘埃行星外盘的尺寸和径向演化模型通常会过分简化磁盘的径向演化(通过集中在一个半径上或通过使用稳态磁盘模型),或者它们假定粒子的生长是单分散的或无碎片的。对原行星盘的进一步研究,例如观测,盘化学和结构计算或行星总数合成模型,取决于尘埃的分布与盘中颗粒大小和径向位置的关系。目的我们试图对当前模型进行改进,以能够研究初始条件,建立阶段和原行星盘的演化如何影响尘埃的生长和传输。方法。我们介绍了Brauer等人模型的新版本。 (2008年),其中我们现在包括气碟的随时间变化的粘性演化,并且其中实现了更高级的输入物理和数值积分方法。结果。我们表明,与原始条件或原行星盘的形成阶段相比,颗粒性质,气压梯度和湍流量对粉尘的演化影响更大。我们量化了哪些条件或环境有利于超出仪表尺寸障碍的增长。高的气体表面密度或纬向流动可能有助于克服径向漂移的问题,但是少量的湍流已经对晶粒的生长构成了更大的障碍。

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